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Crohn’s disease

Self-Injection Videos

How to Inject Yuflyma at Home: A User-Friendly Guide

April 23, 2024

Injecting medication at home can seem daunting, but it doesn’t have to be. If your doctor has prescribed Yuflyma for your condition, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, uveitis or Crohn’s disease, this comprehensive guide on how to inject Yuflyma at home will walk you through every step with clarity and confidence.

What is Yuflyma?

Yuflyma® (adalimumab-aaty), which you may be preparing to administer, is not just a standard therapeutic agent; it is, in fact, a biosimilar medication. As a biosimilar, it is highly similar to an existing biological medication, known as the ‘reference product’, which in this case is adalimumab, marketed under the brand name Humira®. Extensive comparison through analytical studies has shown that Yuflyma matches its reference in terms of potency, safety, and efficacy.

Despite the similarities, it is important to note that biosimilars are not labeled as “generic” versions of biologic medications because biologics are derived from living cells and are inherently complex, and it is impossible to create an exact copy. Rest assured, before approval, Yuflyma has gone through rigorous regulatory pathways to confirm that it is as safe and efficacious as the original biologic.

Preparing for Your First Self-Injection

Excited? Maybe a little nervous? Totally normal feelings when you’re about to take charge of your health in a hands-on way.

How to Inject Yuflyma at Home – Starting Steps

  1. Clean Workspace: First thing’s first—find yourself a clean, well-lit area to prepare.
  2. Hand Hygiene: Wash your hands with soap and water. It’s simple, but it’s one of the most effective ways to prevent infection.
  3. Gather Supplies: Get your Yuflyma pre-filled syringe or pen, alcohol wipes, cotton balls, and a sharps container for disposal.
  4. Storage Savvy: Remember, Yuflyma should be stored in the refrigerator. If it’s too cold to the touch, let it sit out for 30 minutes to reach room temperature. Never use a microwave or hot water to warm it.

Step-by-Step Injection Guide

Here’s the meat and potatoes of what you came for—how to inject Yuflyma at home:

  1. Check It: Inspect your Yuflyma. It should be clear, and colorless to slightly yellow. If it’s cloudy or has particles, don’t use it.
  2. Skin Selection: Choose your injection spot—either the front of your thighs or your belly, avoiding the waistline and staying two inches clear of the navel.
  3. Clean Up: Swipe the selected area with an alcohol wipe and let it air dry.
  4. Get Grip-Ready: Hold the pen firmly. Remove the needle cover when you’re set to go.
  5. Pinch an Inch: With your free hand, gently pinch the skin around the injection site.
  6. Needle in, Steady: Press the pen firmed onto your pinched skin at 90-degree angle.
  7. Plunge with Confidence: Press the plunger down and steadily until all the medication is injected. It typically take 10 to 15 seconds.
  8. Release and Withdraw: Let go of your skin. Pull the needle out while keeping it at the same angle it went in.
  9. Praise and Press: Give yourself a little internal high-five for a job well done. Place a cotton ball over the site and apply pressure for a bit. If there’s bleeding, that’s okay. Just keep the pressure on a little longer.
  10. Sensible Disposal: Don’t recap the needle. Pop it straight into the sharps container. Of note, Yufyma does have a free sharp container delivery service to your home as well as free returns.

Doesn’t sound too tricky, right? Remember, practice makes perfect.

Common Concerns

Feeling some nerves approach as the injection day circles on your calendar? It’s totally okay.

What About Side Effects?

Yuflyma, like any medication, can come with side effects, including:

  • Injection site reactions
  • Upper respiratory infections
  • Headaches
  • Rash

For a complete list, always refer to the medication guide provided with your prescription as well as your doctor.

Tips and Tricks for Successful Home Injections

  • Consistency is Key: Stick to a routine. Consistent timing can help make self-injections second nature.
  • Record Keeping: Keep a diary of your injection sites. This helps in rotating sites and tracking your condition.
  • Support System: Get your family or friends involved. A support system can offer a helping hand or emotional backing.

In Conclusion: Empower Yourself

Learning how to inject Yuflyma at home is a commitment to your well-being and health autonomy. Even though administering your injection might feel overwhelming at first, with each little push of the plunger, you’ll become more adept and confident in your ability to manage your treatment.

Call to Action: Take the First Step

Every journey begins with a single step — your health journey is no different. If you’ve been prescribed Yuflyma, start by discussing your treatment plan in-depth with your healthcare provider. Once you’re ready, gather your courage (and your supplies!) and take charge of your health, one injection at a time.

Medical Disclaimer

This information is offered to educate the general public. The information posted on this website does not replace professional medical advice but for general information purposes only. There is no Doctor – Patient relationship established. We strongly advised you to speak with your medical professional if you have questions concerning your symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.

Self-Injection Videos

How to Inject Hyrimoz at Home: A User-Friendly Guide

March 12, 2024

Injecting medication at home can seem daunting, but it doesn’t have to be. If your doctor has prescribed Hyrimoz for your condition, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, uveitis or Crohn’s disease, this comprehensive guide on how to inject Hyrimoz at home will walk you through every step with clarity and confidence.

What is Hyrimoz?

Hyrimoz® (adalimumab-adaz), which you may be preparing to administer, is not just a standard therapeutic agent; it is, in fact, a biosimilar medication. As a biosimilar, it is highly similar to an existing biological medication, known as the ‘reference product’, which in this case is adalimumab, marketed under the brand name Humira®. Extensive comparison through analytical studies has shown that Hyrimoz matches its reference in terms of potency, safety, and efficacy.

Despite the similarities, it is important to note that biosimilars are not labeled as “generic” versions of biologic medications because biologics are derived from living cells and are inherently complex, and it is impossible to create an exact copy. Rest assured, before approval, Hyrimoz has gone through rigorous regulatory pathways to confirm that it is as safe and efficacious as the original biologic.

Preparing for Your First Self-Injection

Excited? Maybe a little nervous? Totally normal feelings when you’re about to take charge of your health in a hands-on way.

How to Inject Hyrimoz at Home – Starting Steps

  1. Clean Workspace: First thing’s first—find yourself a clean, well-lit area to prepare.
  2. Hand Hygiene: Wash your hands with soap and water. It’s simple, but it’s one of the most effective ways to prevent infection.
  3. Gather Supplies: Get your Hyrimoz pre-filled syringe or pen, alcohol wipes, cotton balls, and a sharps container for disposal.
  4. Storage Savvy: Remember, Hyrimoz should be stored in the refrigerator. If it’s too cold to the touch, let it sit out for 30 minutes to reach room temperature. Never use a microwave or hot water to warm it.

Step-by-Step Injection Guide

Here’s the meat and potatoes of what you came for—how to inject Hyrimoz at home:

  1. Check It: Inspect your Hyrimoz. It should be clear, and colorless to slightly yellow. If it’s cloudy or has particles, don’t use it.
  2. Skin Selection: Choose your injection spot—either the front of your thighs or your belly, avoiding the waistline and staying two inches clear of the navel.
  3. Clean Up: Swipe the selected area with an alcohol wipe and let it air dry.
  4. Get Grip-Ready: Hold the pen firmly. Remove the needle cover when you’re set to go.
  5. Pinch an Inch: With your free hand, gently pinch the skin around the injection site.
  6. Needle in, Steady: Press the pen firmed onto your pinched skin at 90-degree angle.
  7. Plunge with Confidence: Press the plunger down and steadily until all the medication is injected. It typically take 10 to 15 seconds.
  8. Release and Withdraw: Let go of your skin. Pull the needle out while keeping it at the same angle it went in.
  9. Praise and Press: Give yourself a little internal high-five for a job well done. Place a cotton ball over the site and apply pressure for a bit. If there’s bleeding, that’s okay. Just keep the pressure on a little longer.
  10. Sensible Disposal: Don’t recap the needle. Pop it straight into the sharps container. Of note, Hyrimoz does have a free sharp container delivery service to your home as well as free returns.

Doesn’t sound too tricky, right? Remember, practice makes perfect.

Common Concerns

Feeling some nerves approach as the injection day circles on your calendar? It’s totally okay.

What About Side Effects?

Hyrimoz, like any medication, can come with side effects, including:

  • Injection site reactions
  • Upper respiratory infections
  • Headaches
  • Rash

For a complete list, always refer to the medication guide provided with your prescription as well as your doctor.

Tips and Tricks for Successful Home Injections

  • Consistency is Key: Stick to a routine. Consistent timing can help make self-injections second nature.
  • Record Keeping: Keep a diary of your injection sites. This helps in rotating sites and tracking your condition.
  • Support System: Get your family or friends involved. A support system can offer a helping hand or emotional backing.

In Conclusion: Empower Yourself

Learning how to inject Hyrimoz at home is a commitment to your well-being and health autonomy. Even though administering your injection might feel overwhelming at first, with each little push of the plunger, you’ll become more adept and confident in your ability to manage your treatment.

Call to Action: Take the First Step

Every journey begins with a single step — your health journey is no different. If you’ve been prescribed Hyrimoz, start by discussing your treatment plan in-depth with your healthcare provider. Once you’re ready, gather your courage (and your supplies!) and take charge of your health, one injection at a time.

Medical Disclaimer

This information is offered to educate the general public. The information posted on this website does not replace professional medical advice but for general information purposes only. There is no Doctor – Patient relationship established. We strongly advised you to speak with your medical professional if you have questions concerning your symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.

Self-Injection Videos

Injecting Skyrizi at Home: A Simple Step-by-Step Guide

January 4, 2024
Skyrizi, an injectable biologic, blocks interleukin-23 to ease psoriasis and Crohn's. Master injection, storage, and dosing tips.Skyrizi, an injectable biologic, blocks interleukin-23 to ease psoriasis and Crohn's. Master injection, storage, and dosing tips.

Introduction to Skyrizi

Skyrizi (risankizumab-rzaa) is an injectable prescription medication used to treat certain chronic inflammatory conditions, including moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, active psoriatic arthritis, and moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease in adults (FDA Label).

Skyrizi works by selectively blocking IL-23, a naturally occurring protein in the body that drives inflammatory responses. By inhibiting IL-23, Skyrizi helps reduce inflammation that contributes to symptoms of the conditions it treats.

For plaque psoriasis, Skyrizi helps treat adults with moderate-to-severe symptoms involving large portions of the body or face/hands that have not responded adequately to other treatments or phototherapy. For psoriatic arthritis, Skyrizi can reduce signs/symptoms of active arthritis and improve physical function in adults with active disease. Lastly, for Crohn’s disease, Skyrizi is used to achieve and maintain clinical remission in patients who have not responded well enough to conventional Crohn’s disease therapies or have lost their response to other biologic treatments.

How Skyrizi Works

Skyrizi is a biologic medicine that works by targeting a specific protein called interleukin-23 (IL-23), which contributes to the development of inflammatory diseases like psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and Crohn’s disease. Skyrizi is designed to prevent IL-23 from binding to its receptor on the surface of immune cells, disrupting the inflammatory pathway that can lead to symptoms of these diseases 1.

Skryizi contains a substance called risankizumab, which attaches to the p19 part of IL-23, stopping it from activating the immune system. By doing this, Skryizi decreases inflammation and the number of certain immune cells, which can help with psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and Crohn’s symptoms.

In clinical trials, Skyrizi demonstrated the ability to significantly clear skin and improve symptoms in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. Reductions in disease activity have also been observed in studies of psoriatic arthritis and Crohn’s disease. Overall, by neutralizing IL-23, Skyrizi helps restore balanced immune system function and reduce harmful inflammation.

Before the Injection

Before administering a Skyrizi injection at home, it’s important to choose an appropriate injection site, gather and prepare all necessary supplies, and follow proper hygiene practices. It’s also important to make sure the medication isn’t expired and that it looks clear, not cloudy.

Recommended injection sites for Skyrizi include the front of the thighs, the abdomen, and the back of the upper arms. Avoid injecting within 2 inches of the navel or any scars or stretch marks. Rotate injection sites each time to avoid skin reactions.1

Gather all supplies needed for the injection including alcohol wipes, cotton balls, the Skyrizi injector pen and sharps container. Allow the Skyrizi pen to come to room temperature for 30 minutes before injecting. Make sure to wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water.

Before injecting, wipe the chosen site with an alcohol wipe and allow it to dry fully to sanitize the skin. Do not touch the site again before inserting the needle. Having everything prepared ahead of time helps ensure proper hygiene.2

Step-by-Step Injection

The following are the step-by-step instructions for injecting Skyrizi at home:

  1. Remove the Skyrizi pen from the refrigerator and allow it to reach room temperature for 30 minutes before injecting. Cold Skyrizi can be more painful to inject.
  2. Wash your hands with soap and water and assemble the injection components on a clean surface. You will need the Skyrizi pen, alcohol wipes, a cotton ball or gauze, and a sharps disposal container.
  3. Hold the Skyrizi pen with the orange cap pointing down. Gently rock the pen back and forth 5 times. DO NOT shake the pen as this can damage the medicine. Inspect the medicine in the pen to make sure it is evenly distributed and not cloudy or discolored before injecting [1].
  4. Remove the orange cap from the pen. The medicine should look clear to slightly yellow. Do not inject if the medicine appears cloudy, discolored, or contains large particles.
  5. Attach the needle by securely twisting it onto the pen. Pull off the needle cap but do not throw it away yet.
  6. Use an alcohol wipe to sanitize the injection site, either your abdomen, thighs, or upper arms. Allow the skin to air dry.
  7. Using your thumb and forefinger, gently pinch at least 1 inch of skin around the injection site. Hold firmly.
  8. With your other hand, insert the needle into the pinched skin at a 90 degree angle using a quick dart-like motion. Skyrizi is injected just under the skin, not into the muscle.
  9. After the needle is fully inserted, release the pinched skin. With your thumb, slowly press the green activation button until you hear a click. Hold in place and count slowly for 5-10 seconds to deliver the full dose.
  10. When the injection is complete, pull the needle straight out. Do not rub or recap the needle. Properly dispose of the used pen components in a sharps container.

Be sure to follow the instructions included with your Skyrizi pen. A nurse or doctor can also demonstrate proper injection technique.

After the Injection

After injecting Skyrizi, it’s important to follow proper aftercare procedures at the injection site.

First, apply firm pressure to the injection site with a cotton ball or gauze for 10-15 seconds after removing the needle. This helps prevent bruising or bleeding.

The injection site may be slightly red, swollen, itchy, or bruised after injection. This is fairly common and should go away within a few days. Call your doctor if the reaction increases in severity over time (see https://www.skyrizi.com/skyrizi-complete/side-effects).

Some patients experience side effects like headache, joint pain, tiredness, or redness/rash after starting Skyrizi. These are usually mild and tend to resolve within a week or two as your body adjusts. Taking an over-the-counter pain reliever can help manage discomfort. Let your doctor know if any side effects concern you or don’t go away.

With proper aftercare and monitoring, Skyrizi injections at home can be simple and comfortable. Reach out to your healthcare provider if you have any persistent or worsening reactions so they can provide guidance and support.

Tips for Painless Injections

There are several techniques you can use to make your Skyrizi injections as comfortable and painless as possible:

  • Apply an ice pack or cold compress to the injection site for 5-10 minutes beforehand. This will numb the area so you feel less pain. You can also use an over-the-counter numbing cream or gel, like lidocaine, and apply it 30-60 minutes before injecting.
  • Stay relaxed during the injection process. Take slow, deep breaths and try to clear your mind. Tensing up can make the injection feel worse.
  • Distract yourself while injecting by watching TV, listening to music, or talking to someone. Focus your attention elsewhere instead of on the injection.
  • Rotate injection sites each time you administer Skyrizi. Switch between your stomach, thighs, and upper arms to give one area a break before injecting it again.

By using these simple tips, you can make your Skyrizi injections significantly more comfortable. The goal is to relax both your body and mind as much as possible during the process. With practice, self-injecting will become second nature and much less intimidating.

Ongoing Use of Skyrizi

Skyrizi is injected 4 times per year after the initial dosing schedule. The recommended dosing is 150 mg (one prefilled syringe) administered subcutaneously at week 0, week 4, and every 12 weeks thereafter. Patients will need to continue getting injections every 3 months to maintain treatment. Consult your doctor for your specific dosing regimen.

Skyrizi should be stored in the refrigerator between 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F) in the original carton to protect it from light until ready to use. Do not freeze Skyrizi. Do not shake the prefilled syringe or pen. If needed, the medicine can be kept at room temperature up to 30°C (86°F) for a maximum of 30 days in the original carton to protect from light. Throw away Skyrizi if it has been out of the refrigerator for more than 30 days.

If you have any questions about using Skyrizi, contact your healthcare provider. You can also call the manufacturer’s support line at 1-866-4Skyrizi (1-866-475-9742) or visit the Skyrizi website at www.skyrizi.com for additional resources and assistance.

Conclusion

Self-administering Skyrizi injections properly at home is crucial for receiving the full benefits of this medication. When injected correctly following the steps outlined above, Skyrizi can help control inflammation and symptoms of conditions like psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and Crohn’s disease. Many patients find Skyrizi helps them achieve clear skin, improved joint mobility, and even remission of Crohn’s disease. By learning to inject Skyrizi comfortably at home on your own schedule, you can take control of managing your condition while avoiding unnecessary trips to the doctor’s office. With some practice and patience, most patients are able to master self-injecting this medication in a safe and effective way. Remember to follow the instructions carefully and don’t hesitate to ask your healthcare provider questions. Proper self-injection technique will help ensure you get the most out of Skyrizi’s benefits.

Additional Resources

Here are some helpful resources with further information and assistance for those taking Skyrizi:

Skyrizi Complete offers comprehensive personalized support, including injection training and financial assistance. Patients can call 1-877-266-7538 to speak with an Access Specialist.

The SKYRIZI® Complete Savings Card and Patient Support page on the Skyrizi healthcare provider website also has details on financial assistance options.

The Patient & Practice Resources page for gastroenterology has educational materials, FAQs, and injection guides that may be helpful references.

Medical Disclaimer

This information is offered to educate the general public. The information posted on this website does not replace professional medical advice, but for general information purposes only. There is no Doctor – Patient relationship established. We strongly advised you to speak with your medical professional if you have questions concerning your symptoms, diagnosis and treatment.

Diseases and Conditions When to see a rheumatologist

I have a positive HLA-B27 what does it mean?

June 5, 2018
I have a positive HLA-B27 what does it mean?

During the course of a workup for possible autoimmune arthritis or autoimmune back disease, your rheumatologist may order something called a HLA-B27 test.  So what does a positive HLA-B27 mean?

HLA-B27 antigen

HLA-B27 is a genetic test. The majority of people who have a positive HLA-B27 are perfectly healthy. HOWEVER, having a positive HLA-B7 can put you at increased risk of developing what we call spondyloarthritis-associated diseases. This is a family of autoimmune diseases.

Spondyloarthritis-associated diseases

  • Ankylosing spondylitis (AS), now called axial spondylitis
  • Peripheral spondyloarthritis
  • Reactive arthritis
  • Psoriasis
  • Psoriatic arthritis
  • Uveitis
  • Crohn’s disease
  • Ulcerative colitis

I have a positive HLA-B27, what does it mean?

The answer to this question highly depends on your situation.  As I mentioned earlier, many people who have a positive HLA-B27 are perfectly healthy.  More specifically, the majority of these people do NOT have an autoimmune disease.  Here are a few stats to put things into perspective.

  • About 6 to 9 % of Caucasians and 3 % of African-Americans have a positive HLA-B27.
  • However, having a positive HLA-B27 increases a person’s risk of ankylosing spondylitis by 50 to 100 times.
  • But only 2 % of people who have a positive HLA-B27 go on to develop ankylosing spondylitis.
  • About 50% of people with psoriatic arthritis that involves the spine have a positive HLA-B27.
  • 60% of people diagnosed with reactive arthritis have a positive HLA-B27. These people tend to have more severe symptoms, non-joint symptoms (e.g., uveitis), and it tends to last longer.
  • In the West, 50% of cases of anterior uveitis is associated with a positive HLA-B27 and about half of these people will develop spondyloarthritis.

I was diagnosed with AS, should I have my kids tested?

Technically not unless a family member is experiencing symptoms suggestive of ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, or any other spondyloarthritis-associated disease.  Remember, only 2% of people with a positive HLA-B27 go on to develop ankylosing spondylitis, which is the main autoimmune disease associated with this test.

However, people who have a positive HLA-B27 AND have a first-degree relative with ankylosing spondylitis have a 15% to 20% risk of developing the disease at some point during their lifetime.

I guess the answer whether to or whether not to test your kids really is a matter of choice.  My opinion is, if it’s going to happen it’s going to happen. All we really can do is try to make healthy life choices like eating clean, staying active, reduce stress, and making sure we sleep enough.  Remember the Blue Zones Principles?

For some people, knowing they tested positive for HLA-B27 may increase their stress level and for others not knowing whether they test positive or not may be more harmful. Whatever decision you make is highly personal.

In summary

Why having a HLA-B27 increases risk of having ankylosing spondylitis as well as a host of different autoimmune diseases is still uncertain: arthrogenic peptide hypothesis, molecular mimicry, free heavy chain hypothesis, and unfolded protein hypothesis.  These are very complex concepts, which I will hold off on discussing further.

If you want to learn more about HLA-B27 and spondyloarthritis, I invite you to read the following articles: What is autoimmune back pain? Guide to living with psoriatic arthritis: part 1, and What is autoimmune joint pain?

If you think you may be suffering from a spondyloarthritis-associated condition, I encourage you to get in touch with your local rheumatologist.  Here is a link to the American College of Rheumatology physician directory.

Medical Disclaimer

This information is offered to educate the general public. The information posted on this website does not replace professional medical advice, but for general information purposes only. There is no Doctor – Patient relationship established. We strongly advised you to speak with your medical professional if you have questions concerning your symptoms, diagnosis and treatment.

References

Rheumatology Secrets, 3rd edition

Self-Injection Videos

How to inject Stelara

January 2, 2018
How to inject Stelara

Continuing with our self-injection series, Dr. Farrell teaches us how to inject Stelara. Stelara, also known as ustekinumab, is a biologic medication designed to block interleukin-12 and interleukin-23.  Stelara is currently FDA approved for moderate to severe plaque psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and moderate to severely active Crohn’s disease.  The medication comes as a prefilled syringe and there are two different doses: 45 mg and 90 mg depending on your weight.

Preparing for your injection

  • Keep your medication stored in the refrigerator until use
    • Before injecting medication, take the prefilled syringe out of the refrigerator.
    • Allow it to warm up to room temperature.
  • Pick a place in your house that is clean and has room for your materials (such as the kitchen table).
  • Wash your hands thoroughly with either:
    • Soap & water
    • Hand sanitizer
  • Choose an area to inject – Thigh or Stomach.
    • Choose an area that is intact and clear.
    • It should not have any of the following:
      • Cuts
      • Scrapes
      • Bruises
      • Psoriasis patches
      • If you have extensive psoriasis, inject between patches
      • Moles
      • Scars
    • Please rotate area each time you inject (shown in picture below).

Areas to inject subcutaneous medication

  • Cleanse chosen area
    • Cleanse chosen area with either of the following:
      • Alcohol swab
      • Alcohol and a cotton ball
    • Use the chosen alcohol material to “swipe” area
      • Can either use a circular motion or wipe in “strips”
      • Allow the area to dry

Injecting Stelara with a prefilled syringe

  • Pull off the cap and observe the syringe to be sure that it is clear (no cloudiness or crystals)
  • Pinch the skin around the injection site and enter at a 45-degree angle
  • Press the plunger (slowly) to administer the medication
  • Once the medication is fully administered, the plunger will reach the bottom and a spring will place a cover over the needle

After the injection

  • Properly dispose of the entire prefilled syringe
    • Sharps Container
      • Can be purchased at your local pharmacy
      • Disposal
      • Hospitals may take full sharps containers, ask first.
      • Pharmacies and Doctors’ offices are not allowed to take used syringes or needle
  • Discard remaining materials in the trash (cap, alcohol swabs, etc.)

For more information regarding Stelara, please follow this link.

Credits

Jessica Farrell, PharmD.  Clinical Pharmacist, The Center for Rheumatology/Associate Professor, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences

With the help of Autumn Koniowka. Doctor of Pharmacy Candidate Class of 2018, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, and Megan Phillips. Doctor of Pharmacy Candidate Class of 2018, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences.

A special thanks to Tammy Garren, PhD. Instructional Designer, Center for Innovative Learning, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences.

Injection site image: By British Columbia Institute of Technology (BCIT). Download this book for free at http://open.bccampus.ca [CC BY 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)], via Wikimedia Commons

Medical Disclaimer

This information is offered to educate the general public. The information posted on this website does not replace professional medical advice, but for general information purposes only. There is no Doctor – Patient relationship established. We strongly advised you to speak with your medical professional if you have questions concerning your symptoms, diagnosis and treatment.